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Home / Arts / Music / Theory / Tuning Systems
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Web Sites
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- A Beginner's Guide to Temperament - Written by Stephen Bicknell for the electronic mailing list Piporg-l.
www.users.dircon.co.uk/~oneskull/3.6.04.htm
- A Tour Up The Harmonic Series - Basic introduction to the Pythagorean circle of fifths and the physical basis for the need for alternative tuning systems.
members.telocity.com/~acanright/harmser
- Alternate Temperaments: Theory and Philosophy - Introduction to tuning systems, based on the cents system. Written by Terry Blackburn.
www.rdrop.com/users/tblackb/music/temperament
- An Atlas of Consonance - The author presents a graphical tool for the visualization of consonance and dissonance, based on an acoustical model of the interaction of musical tones.
www.sohl.com/sohl/mt/maptone.html
- An Introduction to Historical Tunings - On the development of tuning systems in Medieval Europe (Kirnberger, Young, mean-tone systems, etc.)
home.earthlink.net/~kgann/histune.html
- Comparison of Temperaments - Table comparing various temperaments, including Equal Temperament, Pythagorean, another natural tuning, two mean-tone tunings, two Well temperaments, two Indian tunings, and two Persian tunings.
www.pcug.org.au/~apurdam/tempers.html
- Equal Temperament Tuning - An introduction to equal temperament for guitarists who have problems tuning their guitars.
w3.ime.net/~cygnus/equal_temperament.html
- Historical Tuning - Includes information on the differences between equal temperament and well temperament and why Bach rejected equal temperament and celebrated well temperament.
www.bestweb.net/~rmp
- Huygens-Fokker Foundation - Center for microtonal music. Promotes microtonal music in all its forms
www.xs4all.nl/~huygensf/english
- Johann Sebastian Bach: Well Tempered Tuning (Wohltemperirt) - Paper on the history of the tuning system, as well as information about tuning a harpsichord in this system.
ha.kellner.bei.t-online.de
- Julian Carrillo and the Thirteenth Sound - (1875-1965), Mexican music creator of the microtonal system called the 13th Sound. He reformed the theory of music, invented a new musical written based in numbers and built instrument capable to produce those small intervals.
www.tol.itesm.mx/~esolisw/julian.html
- Justonic Tuning Inc. - Pitch Palette software tunes a microtunable synthesizer to just intonation, world scales, historic scales and user scales in real time.
www.justonic.com
- Keyboard temperament analyzer/calculator - Bradley Lehman - Excel spreadsheet that analyzes keyboard temperaments: gives beat rates for tuning, and harmonic-tension charts in all keys.
www-personal.umich.edu/~bpl/temper.html
- Modes and Scales in Indian Music - Article by David Courtney.
chandrakantha.com/articles/scales.html
- Pythagorean Tuning and Medieval Polyphony - Article by Margo Schulter.
www.medieval.org/emfaq/harmony/pyth.html
- Tantrum - Tool for the study of temperament anomalies.
www.well.com/user/smalin/tantrum.html
- The Alternate Tuning Internet Mailing List - For exchanging ideas relevant to alternate tunings, including just intonation, paratactical tunings, experimental musical instrument design, and non-standard equal temperaments.
nowitzky.hypermart.net/tuning
- The Argument for Equal Temperament - Lerdahl's cognitive constraints.
music.dartmouth.edu/~kov/lerdahl/EqTemp.html
- The History of Musical Tuning and Temperament - Two academic papers, covering music before 1750, and music during the Classical and Romantic periods.
www.casaninja.com/christi/academic/tuning.html
- Tuning by Ratios - This paper explores the use of simple ratios to tune musical intervals and chords. Included are a tutorial, a set of computer programs, and a re-tuned two-part invention by J.S. Bach.
www.leeds.ac.uk/music/studio/rproj_swss/tuning/tuning.htm
- Understanding Temperaments - Tunings used for harpsichords.
pages.globetrotter.net/roule/temper.htm
- World Scale Depository - Construction of a reference center of scale measurements throughout the world.
www.anaphoria.com/depos.html
- Tuning and Temperament Bibliography - Huge list of print books, magazines, and journal articles on tuning systems.
www.xs4all.nl/%7ehuygensf/doc/bib.html
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