Blessed Innocent XI - Account of the pontificate of one of the ablest and most pious of the seventeenth-century popes. www.cfpeople.org/Books/Pope/POPEp238.htm
Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Innocent XI - Lengthy biography of this pope known for his piety and unselfish devotion to duty. www.newadvent.org/cathen/08021a.htm
Innocent XI - Brief biographical entry in the Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. www.bartleby.com/65/in/Innocent11.html
