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- Abel - Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829) - Norwegian mathematician. Worked on elliptic functions and integrals, algebraic solution of equations and solubility by radicals.
www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Abel.html
- al-Khwarizmi - Abu Ja'far al-Khwarizmi (780-850) - Arab mathematician, lived when spread of ideas was very slow, wrote Hisab al-jabr wal-muqabala, concepts of the Middle East. The "al-jabr" gave us the word algebra." introduced the decimal system, rules for solving linear and quadratic equations, the word "algorithm" comes from his name.
www.windows.ucar.edu/people/middle_ages/al-khwarizmi.html
- Archimedes (c. 287 B.C.-212 B.C.) - (Encyclopedia.com) Greek mathematician, physicist, and inventor.
www.encyclopedia.com/articles/00686.html
- Bernoulli, Daniel (1700-1782) - Most important work considered the basic properties of fluid flow, pressure, density and velocity, and gave their fundamental relationship now known as Bernoulli's principle.
www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Daniel.html
- Bessel - Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784-1846) - Catalogued stars, predicted a planet beyond Uranus as well as the existence of dark stars, investigated Johann Kepler's problem of heliocentricity, and systematized the mathematical functions involved, which now bear his name.
www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_bessel.html
- Cauchy - Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857) - (Catholic Encyclopedia) Theory of polyhedra, symmetrical functions, proof of a theorem of Fermat which had baffled mathematicians like Gauss and Euler.
www.newadvent.org/cathen/03457a.htm
- Cauchy, Augustin Louis (1789-1857) - Cauchy contributed to almost every branch of mathematics. He is probably best known for his important contributions to real and complex analysis.
www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Cauchy.html
- Chebyshev - Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (1821-1894) - Work on prime numbers included the determination of the number of primes not exceeding a given number, wrote an important book on the theory of congruences, proved that there was always at least one prime between n and 2n for n > 3.
www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Chebyshev.html
- Cramer - Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752) - Best known for his work on determinants, made contributions to the study of algebraic curves.
history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Cramer.html
- d'Alembert - Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (1717-1783) - Helped to resolve the controversy in mathematical physics over the conservation of kinetic energy by improving Newton's definition of force.
www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/D'Alembert.html
- Dedekind, Richard (1831-1916) - study of CONTINUITY and definition of the real numbers in terms of Dedekind "cuts", the nature of number and mathematical induction, definition of finite and infinite sets; algebraic number fields, concept of RINGS.
euler.ciens.ucv.ve/English/mathematics/dedekind.html
- Diophantus of Alexandria (c. 200-284 ) - Best known for his Arithmetica, a work on the theory of numbers, a collection of 130 problems giving numerical solutions of determinate equations.
history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Diophantus.html
- Dirichlet - Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805-1859) - Proved that in any arithmetic progression with first term coprime to the difference there are infinitely many primes, units in algebraic number theory, ideals, proposed the modern definition of a function.
turnbull.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Dirichlet.html
- Eratosthenes Hub - Links to information and resources for Eratosthenes.
www.knowdeep.org/eratosthenes
- Fermat - Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) - From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball.
www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Fermat/RouseBall/RB_Fermat.html
- Fibonacci - Who was Fibonacci? - Leonardo of Pisa (1175?-1250) - His names, mathematical contributions, Introducing the decimal number system into Europe, Fibonacci Series.
www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibBio.html
- Fibonacci Mathematics - Life and work of Leonardo of Pisa, by Dr. Peter Reimers.
vp-reimers.bei.t-online.de
- Fourier - Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830) - Baron, mathematical physicist, French Revolution, a teacher, a secret policeman, a political prisoner, governor of Egypt, The Analytic Theory of Heat
www.astro.gla.ac.uk/~davidk/fourier.htm
- Galois, Évariste (1811-1832) - Galois theory, a branch of mathematics dealing with the general solution of equations, group theory, method of determining when a general equation could be solved by radicals, solved many long-standing unanswered questions.
history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Galois.html
- Gauss - Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) - Gauss' Biography, Formulae, properties, Gauss' Life in Charts, Quotes, Doing a report on Gauss?, Works Cited List
www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/2977/gauss/gauss.html
- Gauss, Johann Carl Friedrich (1777-1855) - One of the all-time greats, Gauss began to show his mathematical brilliance at the early age of seven. He is usually credited with the first proof of The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.
www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gauss.html
- Kelvin - William Thomson (1824-1907) - Life, works, thoughts, special features, achievements, quotations, chronology of Scottish engineer, mathematician and physicist Sir William Thomson.
www.top-biography.com/9103-William%20Thomson
- Lambert - Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728 - 1777) - In a memoir in 1768 on transcendental magnitudes he proved that pi is incommensurable.
www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Lambert/RouseBall/RB_Lambert.html
- Leibniz - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) - Invented the differential and integral calculus (independently of Sir Isaac Newton),
mally.stanford.edu/leibniz.html
- Oughtred, William (1574-1660) - Best known for the invention of an early form of the slide rule.
www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Oughtred.html
- Pascal - Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) - Time Line: 1623 June 19, born in Claremont the son of Etienne Pascal a minor noble and government official. 1626 Mother dies ..., French mathematician, thinker, and scientist, religious and philosophical writings.
www.norfacad.pvt.k12.va.us/project/pascal/blaise.html
- Peirce, Benjamin (1809-1880) - Life and work of 19th century mathematician and philosopher of mathematics; by Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Alison Walsh.
plato.stanford.edu/entries/peirce-benjamin
- Pell, John (1611-1685) - Worked on algebra and number theory, gave a table of factors of all integers up to 100000 in 1668. Pell's equation is y^2 = ax^2 + 1, where a is a non-square integer.
history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Pell.html
- Plato (427-347 B.C.) - "... the reality which scientific thought is seeking must be expressible in mathematical terms, mathematics being the most precise and definite kind of thinking of which we are capable."
www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Plato.html
- Ptolemy - Ptolemy's Ptools - History of Ptolemy (c. 87-150) - Who was Ptolemy? Claudius (Ptolemaues) Ptolemy, born in Egypt in about 85 A.D., one of the most infuential Greek astronomers, geographers and mathematicians.
library.advanced.org/19029/history200.html
- Schmidt, Erhard (1876-1959) - Main research was functional analysis, doctorate was obtained under Hilbert's supervision, main interest was in integral equations and Hilbert space, best remembered for the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation process.
history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Schmidt.html
- Zeno - Zeno or Zenon of Elea (495?-435? B.C.) - was the first great doubter in mathematics, His paradoxes stumped mathematicians for millennia and provided enough aggravation to lead to numerous discoveries in the attempt to solve them.
www.forthnet.gr/presocratics/indeng.htm
- Zermelo - Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Zermelo (1871-1953) - Zermelo in 1908 was the first to attempt an axiomatisation of set theory
www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Zermelo.html
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