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Home / Society / History / By Time Period / Nineteenth Century / Labor Movement
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Web Sites
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- Address to the National Labor Union of the United States - From the minutes of the General Council meeting, May 11, 1869, as taken by George Eccarius.
www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1864iwma/1869-e.htm
- American Labor History - Presentation of an online study guide, searchable by topic or by period.
www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Quad/6460/AmLabHist/index.html
- An Eclectic List of Events in U.S. Labor History - Begins 1806 when the union of Philadelphia Journeymen Cordwainers was convicted of and bankrupted by charges of criminal conspiracy after a strike for higher wages, setting a precedent by which the U.S. government would combat unions for years to come. Highlights from 1806 to 1989.
www.nitehawk.com/alleycat/labor.html
- Avondale - The 1869 calamity of the Avondale shaft, furnishes another case where the whole population of the mine perished for want of means of escape, in time of accident, to the only opening of the mine.
www.history.ohio-state.edu/projects/coal/Avondale/Avondale.htm
- Child Labor - Article about child labor in the 19th century by David Cody, Associate Professor of English, Hartwick College.
landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/history/hist8.html
- Coal Mining in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era - Accounts of the culture of coal mining from the 1860s through the early 1900s.
www.cohums.ohio-state.edu/history/projects/Lessons_US/Gilded_Age/Coal_Mining/default.htm
- History of Labor Day - Conceived by the America's labor unions as a testament to their cause, it became a national holiday in 1894 as a timeless act of political expediency. Read about the turbulent circumstances of its birth.
www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/september96/labor_day_9-2a.html
- Illinois Governor John P. Altgeld - 1893-1897 - Early in his term as governor, he was asked to review the sentences of the surviving prisoners convicted after the Haymarket affair. The next year, during the Pullman strike, Altgeld refused to send in troops against the striking railway workers, and protested when President Cleveland defied his authority.
www.graveyards.com/graceland/altgeld.html
- Mother Jones - In her 73rd year, Mary Jones marched from Philadelphia to New York, followed by hundreds of textile workers, half under the age of 16. They marched in their tattered rags, many with fingers missing from a moment's carelessness at the loom. Their goal was to see President Theodore Roosevelt to plead for his support in ending the abominable work life of tens of thousands of Philadelphia's children.
www.execpc.com/~shepler/mojo.html
- Pullman Strike - Details the causes, events, and long-term consequences of the 1894 strike of railroad workers againt the Pullman Car Company.
1912.history.ohio-state.edu/pullman.htm
- Spotlight Biography: Labor Reformers - As the power and scale of American industry grew during the 19th century, working conditions for most Americans underwent radical change. Mechanized, large-scale factories staffed by unskilled laborers gradually came to replace specialized craftsmen and small workshops. Samuel Gompers, more than any other individual, helped to modernize the unions, organize them on a national scale, and open their doors to unskilled as well as skilled workers.
educate.si.edu/spotlight/labor.html
- The Homestead and Pullman Strikes - In light of the recent depression, the voters of 1896 were concerned with keeping money in their pockets. Within recent public memory lay two major events that led to this unease--the Homestead strike of 1892 and the Pullman Railroad strike of 1894. These two conflicts brought to the surface the deeper issues at work in an age of industrial progress.
iberia.vassar.edu/1896/strikes.html
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